Riyadhus Sholihin by Imam Nawawi, Ad-Da'awaaat Book (16. Book of the Collection of Prayers), Chapter 250. The Primacy of Prayer
Hadith # 1474
وعن أنس - رضي الله عنه - قال: كان رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقول: اللهم إني أعوذ بك من العجز, والكسل, والجبن, والهرم, والبخل, وأعوذ بك من عذاب القبر, وأعوذ بك من فتنة المحيا والممات
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَضَلَعِ الدَّيْنِ ، وَغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ
Anas radhiyallahu 'anhu said, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said, "ALLOHUMMA INNI A'UDZU BIKA MINAL 'AJZI, WAL KASALI, WAL JUBNI, WAL HAROMI, WAL BUKHLI, WA A'UDZU BIKA MIN' ADZABIL QOBRI, WA A ' UDZU BIKA MIN FITNATIL MAHYAA WAL MAMAAT (meaning: O Allah, I take refuge in You from weakness, laziness, cowardice, senility, stinginess, and I take refuge in You from the torment of the grave, and I take refuge in You from the slander of life and death). "
In another history mentioned, "DHOLA'ID DAIN WA GHALABATIR RIJAAL (Circles of debt and oppressive men)." (Muttafaqun aih alaih) [HR. Bukhari, no. 6367 and Muslim, no. 2706]
Description of Prayer
Al-‘ajz: weakness where a servant cannot do good because of inability and lack of strength. The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam asked for protection from this matter because the nature of‘ ajz would prevent a person from fulfilling religious obligations or world affairs. Allah Ta'alat has criticized the person who is ‘aajiz (weak) in his book,
ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَىٰ شَيْء
"God made a parable with a slave servant who had nothing to do with anything." (Surat an-Nahl: 75)
Al-kasl: laziness where a servant cannot do good even though he has the ability. This trait is despicable because it makes it heavy on something that it shouldn't be difficult for him to do, finally he doesn't have the spirit to do good. From the character of al-kasl, someone finally neglects the useful things related to the world and the hereafter. Allah Ta'ala has denounced hypocrites with their laziness,
وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَىٰ
"And they do not pray, but lazily." (QS. At-Tawbah: 54)
Al-bukhl: stingy, which prevents someone from being involved in the obligation of property, such as zakat, living for the family, to serving guests. There are also related to the obligation of speech such as the command to pray to the Prophet sallallaahu ahu alaihi wa sallam and the command to answer greetings.
Al-jubn: afraid of war and fear of jihad in the way of Allah. It can also be meaningful, afraid in voicing the truth in amar makruf nungkar, or fear when fighting against the devil and lust.
Shaykh Salim bin ‘Ied Al-Hilaly hafizhahullah in Bahjah An-Nazhirin (2: 452) states that al-jubn is reluctant to do good related to the body, while al-bukhl is reluctant to do good related to assets.
Al-Harom: old age that returns to Arzalil ‘age (contemptible age). Circumstances when old age has decreased strength, thinking is getting harder (senile), and other physical conditions that all make it hard to move. This state of al-Harom came back again like a child while still in a sling. May we be protected from this old state.
Slander of life and death:
Ibn Daqi Al-'Ied said, "The slander of life is the slander faced by man during his lifetime, that is in the form of world slanders (treasures), slander of lust, ignorance and the greatest of them all - may Allah protect us from him - namely trials in the final tip towards death. Whereas the slander of the intended death is slander when dead. We can mean slander in all slanders that exist before death. It may be that slander of death also means slander (trial) in the grave. "See‘ Aun Al-Ma'bud, 3:95.
Dhola'id dain: difficult debt.
Gholabatir rijaal: controlled and tyrannized, and oppressed without the right way. As a result, someone is slack in doing obedience and worship. Because being treated like this finally resentment arises.
Benefit of Hadith
1. During Anas bin Malik radhiyallahu ‘anhu became a servant of the Prophet shallalahu‘ alaihi wa sallam, he most often heard the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam read this prayer. (Narrated by Bukhari, no. 6363)
2. It could be that al-‘ajz (weakness) is the result of al-kasl (laziness). Because many are lazy on something even though he is able to do it, eventually he gets weaker in his desire, finally he finds al-‘ajz (weak to do).
3. The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam asked for protection from laziness with wealth (al-bukhl) and laziness with the body (al-kasl).
4. Determination of the existence of doom or torment of the grave.
5. The oppression here is twofold: oppressing rights to heavy in debt, and oppressing with impunity to be tyrannized.
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